Complete text -- "因果関係と客観的帰属"
14 October
因果関係と客観的帰属
Y字バランスの学生の報告です。相当因果関係説でもいけるぞ、がんばるぞというものだったのですが、判断基底にいれるべき事実、とくに行為後の事情について揺れ動いていました。
行為時の事情(被害者の特性など)と行為後の介在事実について、判例のとらえ方とか分析などは、フロアからの質問のほうがするどかったりして。
問題は、客観的帰属論の挙げる例を相当因果関係説で処理できるかということになって、
不注意で拳銃を放置していたところ、これを自殺志望の者がみつけて、これを使用して自殺した、
という事例で、相当因果関係は認めるべきだとしたので、ゼミは異論!反論!Objeciton!状態へ。
台所へ料理していて包丁を放置した場合はどうか、拳銃は本来的に殺傷のためのものだから、包丁と一緒にしてはいけない、やっぱり相当因果関係説の判断基底の基準は機能していないのではないか、etc.
結論を出すことがゼミの目的ではなく、問題の所在を的確に捉えられるかが重要なので、いろいろ意見を戦わせるのはいいことです。
包丁と拳銃については、下記の例をどうするのかというところで、悩んでもらいました。
自殺志願の者に、自殺することを知って、金物屋さんが包丁を販売した場合とやくざのお兄さんが拳銃を販売した場合、いずれについても自殺幇助となるのか。
この事例を出すと、すぐに金物屋さんが包丁を販売する行為は中立的行為だから幇助にならないということをいう人がいますが、なにも問題がつかめていないで、たんに言葉をふりまわしているだけです。議論の場で包丁を振り回しているようなものです。
問題は、なぜ幇助にならないのかということを幇助の成立要件にからめて説明するということで、べつに結論を言いはなっても、刑法の議論にはならないです。
社会的相当性があるので正当行為による違法阻却という考えは、とりあえずたぬき先生に説教をお願いするとします。
このあたりは、おそらく客観的帰属論から考える方がよいのでは?と考えています。
#そもそも、行為の意味づけは、結果の帰属によってなしうるというのが、私の基本的な考えです。
その場合でも、危険増加ないし許された危険の視点からアプローチするのか、結果回避可能性からアプローチするのか、といったアプローチの問題がありますし、いずれにせよ、より具体的な基準を提示しないといけないでしょう。
今度、入院したとき、一晩考えてみます。
06:27:50 |
dolus |
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